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On the basis of a secret clause of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union invaded Poland on September 17, 1939, capturing the eastern borderland provinces of Poland with little opposition. Lwów, present day Lviv, the principal city and cultural center of the region of Galicia, was captured and occupied by September 22. These provinces were inhabited by an ethnically mixed population, with ethnic Ukrainians dominant in rural areas, and Poles dominant in the cities. They now form the backbone of modern Western Ukraine. In June 1940, the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Romania, demanding the ceding of Northern Bukovina, a region with a large ethnic Ukrainian population. The annexation of these territories, which were added to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, resulted in the state gaining , and increasing its population by over seven million people.〔''Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia, Volume I'' (1963). Edited by Volodymyr Kubiyovych. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 831–833 and pp.872–874〕〔Orest Subtelny. (1988). ''Ukraine: A History''. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, pp. 455–457.〕 ==Annexation of Polish territory== On September 17, 1939 the Red Army entered Polish territory, acting on the basis of a secret clause of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. Soviet Union would later deny the existence of this secret protocol, claiming that it was never allied with the German Reich, and acted independently to "protect" the Ukrainian and White Ruthenian (modern Belarusian) minorities in the disintegrating Polish state.〔Anna M. Cienciala (2004). (''The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II'' ) (lecture notes, University of Kansas). Retrieved 15 March 2006.〕 Composed of mostly ethnic Ukrainian Soviet troops under the command of Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, the Soviet forces occupied the eastern areas of Poland within 12 days, capturing the regions of Galicia and Volhynia with little Polish opposition, and occupying the principal city, Lwów, by September 22. Due to Polish government's discrimination against the Ukrainian minority during the interbellum, these troops were sometimes greeted with genuine joy by Ukrainian villagers,〔 In other cases, support demonstrations were staged by pro-Soviet militias.〔 Marek Wierzbicki, (''Stosunki polsko-białoruskie pod okupacją sowiecką (1939–1941)'' ). "Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne", Biełaruski histaryczny zbornik, 20 (2003), p. 186–188. Retrieved 16 July 2007.〕 Not all Ukrainians, however, trusted the Soviet regime responsible for the Ukrainian Famine of 1932–1933.〔 pp. 1001–1003.〕 In practice, the poor generally welcomed the Soviets, while the elites tended to join the opposition, despite supporting the unification of Ukraine.〔〔Andrzej Nowak, (''The Russo-Polish Historical Confrontation'' ), Sarmatian Review, January 1997, Volume XVII, Number 1. Retrieved 16 July 2007.〕 Immediately after entering Poland's territory, the Soviet army helped to set up "provisional administrations" in the cities and "peasant committees" in the villages in order to organize one-list elections to the new "People's Assembly of Western Ukraine". The elections were designed to give the annexation an appearance of validity, but were far from free or fair. The voters had a choice of only one candidate, often a local communist or someone sent to western Ukraine from Sоviet Ukraine 〔Paul Robert Magocsi. (1983). ''Galicia: A historical Survey and Bibliographic Guide. Toronto: University of Toronto Press pg. 207〕 for each position of deputy; the communist party commissars then provided the assembly with resolutions that would push through nationalization of banks and heavy industry and transfers of land to peasant communities.〔, pp. 29–30.〕 Elections took place on October 22, 1939; the official numbers reported participation of 93 percent of the electorate, 91 percent of whom supported the appointed candidates. Based on these results, the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine, headed by Kyryl Studynsky (a prominent academic and figure in the Christian Social Movement), consisted of 1,484 deputies. They met in Lwów on October 26–28, where they were addressed by Nikita Khrushchev and other representatives of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The assembly voted unanimously to thank Stalin for liberation and sent a delegation headed by Studynsky to Moscow to ask for formal inclusion of the territories into the Ukrainian SSR. The Supreme Soviet voted to do so on November 1, 1939 and on November 15 a law was passed making the former eastern Polish territories a part of the Ukrainian SSR.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Soviet annexation of Eastern Galicia, Volhynia and Northern Bukovina」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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